Archive for the ‘Covalent Bond’ Category
Extension Of Molecular Orbitals to Other Atoms
The hydrogen atomic orbitals would not do us a great deal of good if orbitals of other atoms were radically different, since in that case different pictures would be required for each atom. But the feature of the hydrogen atom problem that determines the most important characteristics of the hydrogen atom orbitals is the spherical [...]
In: Covalent Bond
MOLECULAR ORBITALS
Lewis structures serve admirably for many aspects of mechanistic organic chemistry. Frequently, however, we need a more accurate bonding model.
Models Based on the Quantum Theory
The description of chemical bonding must ultimately be based on an understanding of the motions of electrons. In order to improve our model, we need to appeal to the quantum theory, [...]
In: Covalent Bond
Molecular Geometry
Lewis structures provide a simple method of estimating molecular shapes. The geometry about any atom covalently bonded to two or more other atoms is found by counting the number of electron groups around the atom. Each unshared pair counts as one groups and each bond, weather single or multiple counts as one group. The number [...]
Resonance
The Lewis structure notation is useful because it conveys the essential qualitative information about properties of chemical compounds. The main features of the chemical properties of the groups that make up organic molecules,
and so forth, are to a first approximation constant from molecule to molecule, and one can therefore tell immediately from the Lewis structure [...]
In: Covalent Bond
THE COVALENT BOND – Introduction
Because the covalent bond is of central importance to organic chemistry, we begin with a review of bonding theory. Later, in Chapter 10, we shall return to develop certain aspects of the theory further in preparation for the discussion of pericyclic reactions.
MODELS OF CHEMICAL BONDING
Understanding and progress in natural science rest largely on models. A [...]